هام لإختبار القبول
Comparing & Contrasting
المقارنة و التباين
A) Comparison:المقارنة
تكون المقارنة عادة على الصفات: والصفات نوعان:
أ. صفات قصيرة ( short adjectives) عادة تتكون من مقطع واحد ولا يتجاوز عدد أحرفها
(6 حروف) مثل: big , small , tall , fast , noisy ))
ب. صفات طويلة (long adjectives) عادة تتكون من مقطعين أو أكثر . عادة يزيد عدد أحرفها عن (6 حروف) ولكن ليس دائما , مثل: ( beautiful , comfortable , expensive , famous , dangerous)
كيف نقارن بين شيئين باستخدام صفة قصيره؟
نقوم بعمل المقارنة بين شيئين بإضافة حرفي er الى نهاية الصفات القصيرة , و more أو less قبل الصفات القصيرة .
نتبع التركيب التالي:
Noun 1 + Short adjective + er + than + Noun 2
كيف نقارن بين شيئين باستخدام صفة طويلة؟
نتبع التركيب التالي:
Noun 1 + more+ long adjective +than + Noun 2
صفات قصيرة :
stronger strong shorter short
safer safe darker dark
younger young hotter hot
slower slow faster fast
lazier lazy noisier noisy
warmer warm narrower narrow
صفات طويلة :
more important important more wonderful wonderful
more famous famous more delicious delicious
more afraid afraid more interesting interesting
more dangerous dangerous more terrified terrified
more peaceful peaceful more violent violent
Exceptions:إستثناءات
little less than far farther than
much more than good better than
bad worse than
A: Choose the correct item:
1. Cairo is……………….than Amman.
( biggest , bigger , more bigger)
2. The horse is much…………..than the camel.
( faster , more faster , more fast)
3. Ahmad is……………..than his brother Salah.
( intelligent , more intelligent , most intelligent)
4.Rami is ……………than His sister in English.
( good , more good , better)
5. You have…………….money than Ibrahim.
( less , little , more little)
________________________________________
B: Contrasting: التباين(التضاد )
1 Whereas = While بينما , حيث
Whereas جملة , جملة
جملة , whereas جملة
I prefer living in the town , whereas my brother prefers the country.
Whereas some people enjoy the outdoor life , others spend all their time indoors.
Whereas
Although + Clause one + Clause two
While
- City people have to drive slowly , whereas country people can drive quite fast
- Whereas city people have to drive slowly , country people can drive quite fast.
- Although city people have to drive slowly , country people can drive quite fast.
- City people have to drive slowly although country people can drive quite fast.
- City people have to drive slowly , while country people can drive quite fast
- While city people have to drive slowly , country people can drive quite fast.
- بينما اذا أردنا الحديث عن فكرتين متناقضتين لنفس الفاعل أو الشيء نستخدم الأداة although)) فقط:
Although + Clause one , Clause two
Clause one + although + Clause two
Although Rami lives in the USA , he doesn't speak much English.
Rami doesn't speak much English .although he lives in the USA .
Life in the city is exciting although it's very expensive.
2 But لكن
جملة but جملة
- My brother prefers living in the country but I prefer the town.
- I live in the city , but ( whereas) my friend lives in the country.
3 On the other hand من جهة أخرى
جملة .On the other hand , جملة
1. تقع في بداية الجملة الثانية, أي تسبقها نقطة ووتبعها فاصلة , وتبدأ بحرف كبير capital يتبعها بعد الفاصلة اسم ثم فعل , وهي يستخدم لتقديم وجهة نظر أو فكرة ثانية مخالفة أو مغايرة عن التي قبلها عن شيء واحد, وكثيرا ما تبدأ الجملة الاولى والثانية ب ing , وكما تلاحظ من الاسماء التالية وجود ing في الامثلة التالية : travelling , flying .
Travelling by car is very cheap. On the other hand, flying is much quicker.
- City people have to drive slowly, but country people can drive quite fast
- City people have to drive slowly; on the other hand, country people can drive quite fast
- My brother prefers living in the country, but I prefer the town.
- My brother prefers living in the country; on the other hand, I prefer the town.
4 Instead ofبدلا من
- نستخدم instead of بين اسمين بشرط أن لا يسبق الاسم / الطرف الاول صفة , إذا سبقه صفة نستخدم in comparison with يتبعها اسم , وكثيرا ما يكون اسم جرند - أي ينتهي بing , لاحظ flying
Instead of جملة , جملة
جملة instead of جملة
- Instead of going to school by bus, I prefer walking.
- Instead of flying , let’s go by car.
- Could I have tea instead of coffee, please?
- I prefer orange juice instead of cola.
5 In comparison with مقارنة مع
تستخدم في وسط الجملة أو البداية , ويتبعها اسم جرند , أي أننا ينتهي بing ...لاحظ flying, driving
- In comparison with flying , driving is quite slow and dangerous.
In comparison with
+ a noun phrase , Main Clause.
Instead of
Main Clause + in comparison with noun phrase
Instead of
Examples:
Instead of flying , let's go by car.
Let's go by car instead of flying.
In comparison with flying , driving is quite slow and dangerous.
Driving is quite slow and dangerous In comparison with flying.
Village life is peaceful. City life is stressful.
لاحظ طرق ربط هاتين الفكرتين المتناقضتين:
Village life is peaceful , but city life is stressful.
Village life is peaceful . On the other hand ,city life is stressful.
Whereas village life is peaceful , city life is stressful.
Village life is peaceful , whereas city life is stressful.
Instead of peaceful life , city life is stressful.
In comparison with village life , city life is stressful.
أ. خالد غزالة
Comparing & Contrasting
المقارنة و التباين
A) Comparison:المقارنة
تكون المقارنة عادة على الصفات: والصفات نوعان:
أ. صفات قصيرة ( short adjectives) عادة تتكون من مقطع واحد ولا يتجاوز عدد أحرفها
(6 حروف) مثل: big , small , tall , fast , noisy ))
ب. صفات طويلة (long adjectives) عادة تتكون من مقطعين أو أكثر . عادة يزيد عدد أحرفها عن (6 حروف) ولكن ليس دائما , مثل: ( beautiful , comfortable , expensive , famous , dangerous)
كيف نقارن بين شيئين باستخدام صفة قصيره؟
نقوم بعمل المقارنة بين شيئين بإضافة حرفي er الى نهاية الصفات القصيرة , و more أو less قبل الصفات القصيرة .
نتبع التركيب التالي:
Noun 1 + Short adjective + er + than + Noun 2
كيف نقارن بين شيئين باستخدام صفة طويلة؟
نتبع التركيب التالي:
Noun 1 + more+ long adjective +than + Noun 2
صفات قصيرة :
stronger strong shorter short
safer safe darker dark
younger young hotter hot
slower slow faster fast
lazier lazy noisier noisy
warmer warm narrower narrow
صفات طويلة :
more important important more wonderful wonderful
more famous famous more delicious delicious
more afraid afraid more interesting interesting
more dangerous dangerous more terrified terrified
more peaceful peaceful more violent violent
Exceptions:إستثناءات
little less than far farther than
much more than good better than
bad worse than
A: Choose the correct item:
1. Cairo is……………….than Amman.
( biggest , bigger , more bigger)
2. The horse is much…………..than the camel.
( faster , more faster , more fast)
3. Ahmad is……………..than his brother Salah.
( intelligent , more intelligent , most intelligent)
4.Rami is ……………than His sister in English.
( good , more good , better)
5. You have…………….money than Ibrahim.
( less , little , more little)
________________________________________
B: Contrasting: التباين(التضاد )
1 Whereas = While بينما , حيث
Whereas جملة , جملة
جملة , whereas جملة
I prefer living in the town , whereas my brother prefers the country.
Whereas some people enjoy the outdoor life , others spend all their time indoors.
Whereas
Although + Clause one + Clause two
While
- City people have to drive slowly , whereas country people can drive quite fast
- Whereas city people have to drive slowly , country people can drive quite fast.
- Although city people have to drive slowly , country people can drive quite fast.
- City people have to drive slowly although country people can drive quite fast.
- City people have to drive slowly , while country people can drive quite fast
- While city people have to drive slowly , country people can drive quite fast.
- بينما اذا أردنا الحديث عن فكرتين متناقضتين لنفس الفاعل أو الشيء نستخدم الأداة although)) فقط:
Although + Clause one , Clause two
Clause one + although + Clause two
Although Rami lives in the USA , he doesn't speak much English.
Rami doesn't speak much English .although he lives in the USA .
Life in the city is exciting although it's very expensive.
2 But لكن
جملة but جملة
- My brother prefers living in the country but I prefer the town.
- I live in the city , but ( whereas) my friend lives in the country.
3 On the other hand من جهة أخرى
جملة .On the other hand , جملة
1. تقع في بداية الجملة الثانية, أي تسبقها نقطة ووتبعها فاصلة , وتبدأ بحرف كبير capital يتبعها بعد الفاصلة اسم ثم فعل , وهي يستخدم لتقديم وجهة نظر أو فكرة ثانية مخالفة أو مغايرة عن التي قبلها عن شيء واحد, وكثيرا ما تبدأ الجملة الاولى والثانية ب ing , وكما تلاحظ من الاسماء التالية وجود ing في الامثلة التالية : travelling , flying .
Travelling by car is very cheap. On the other hand, flying is much quicker.
- City people have to drive slowly, but country people can drive quite fast
- City people have to drive slowly; on the other hand, country people can drive quite fast
- My brother prefers living in the country, but I prefer the town.
- My brother prefers living in the country; on the other hand, I prefer the town.
4 Instead ofبدلا من
- نستخدم instead of بين اسمين بشرط أن لا يسبق الاسم / الطرف الاول صفة , إذا سبقه صفة نستخدم in comparison with يتبعها اسم , وكثيرا ما يكون اسم جرند - أي ينتهي بing , لاحظ flying
Instead of جملة , جملة
جملة instead of جملة
- Instead of going to school by bus, I prefer walking.
- Instead of flying , let’s go by car.
- Could I have tea instead of coffee, please?
- I prefer orange juice instead of cola.
5 In comparison with مقارنة مع
تستخدم في وسط الجملة أو البداية , ويتبعها اسم جرند , أي أننا ينتهي بing ...لاحظ flying, driving
- In comparison with flying , driving is quite slow and dangerous.
In comparison with
+ a noun phrase , Main Clause.
Instead of
Main Clause + in comparison with noun phrase
Instead of
Examples:
Instead of flying , let's go by car.
Let's go by car instead of flying.
In comparison with flying , driving is quite slow and dangerous.
Driving is quite slow and dangerous In comparison with flying.
Village life is peaceful. City life is stressful.
لاحظ طرق ربط هاتين الفكرتين المتناقضتين:
Village life is peaceful , but city life is stressful.
Village life is peaceful . On the other hand ,city life is stressful.
Whereas village life is peaceful , city life is stressful.
Village life is peaceful , whereas city life is stressful.
Instead of peaceful life , city life is stressful.
In comparison with village life , city life is stressful.
أ. خالد غزالة
