املي بالله
نائبة المدير العام
الاختصارات الطبية OxfordHandbook of Clinicaland ((LaboratoryInvestigation فأحببت وضعها هنا لأني وجدت فيها الكثير من المصطلحات في الكثير من الأمراض((قلبية دمويةجراحة......)) بس لا تملوالأنهم طوال وبدهن طولة بال......
A&E: accident & emergency
Ab :anti****
ABGs : arterial blood gases
ACD: anaemia of chronic disease
ACE : angiotensin converting enzyme
ACh : acetylcholine
ACL :anticardiolipin anti****
ACR :acetylcholine receptor
ACS :acute coronary syndrome
ADA: American Diabetes Association
ADH: antidiuretic hormone
ADP : adenosine 5-diphosphate
AECG: ambulatory ECG
AF ::atrial fibrillation
Ag : antigen
AIDS : acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
AIHA :: autoimmune haemolytic anaemia
AKA : alcoholic ketoacidosis
ALL :: acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
ALP :: alkaline phosphatase
ALT:: alanine aminotransferase
AMI ::acute myocardial infarction
AML : acute myeloid leukaemia
ANA: antinuclear antibodies
ANAE :: alpha naphthyl acetate esterase
ANCA : antineutrophil cytoplasmic anti****
ANF : antinuclear factor
APCR : activated protein C resistance
APL : antiphospholipid anti****
APML : acute promyelocytic leukaemia
APS antiphospholipid syndrome
APTR : activated partial thromboplastin time ratio
APTT :: activated partial thromboplastin time
ARF : acute renal failure
AT (ATIII) :: antithrombin III
ATLL : adult T cell leukaemia/lymphoma
ATP : adenosine triphosphate
AXR: abdominal x-ray
BBB : blood–brain barrier
B-CLL: B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia
BJP: Bence-Jones protein
BM: bone marrow
BMJ: British Medical Journal
BMT: bone marrow transplant
BP: blood pressure
C1 INH : C1 esterase inhibitor
C3Nef : complement C3 nephritic factor
Ca :: carcinoma
Ca2+: calcium
CABG: coronary artery bypass graft
CAH: congenital adrenal hyperplasia
cALL: common acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
CBC: complete blood count)
CCF: congestive cardiac failure
CCK: cholecystokinin
cDNA: complementary DNA
CEA: carcinoembryonic antigen
CF: cystic fibrosis or complement fixation
CHD: coronary heart disease
CJD: Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease)
CK: creatine kinase
CL: – chloride
CLL: chronic lymphocytic (‘lymphatic’) leukaemia
CML: chronic myeloid leukaemia
CMML: chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia
CMV: cytomegalovirus
CNS: central nervous system
CO2: carbon dioxide
COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
CPAP: continuous positive airways pressure
CREST: calcinosis, Raynaud’s syndrome, (o)esophageal motility
dysfunction, sclerodactyly and telangiectasia
CRF: chronic renal failure
CRP: C-reactive protein
CSF: cerebrospinal fluid
CT: computed tomography
CVA: cerebrovascular accident (stroke)
CVD: cardiovascular disease
CXR: chest x-ray
DAT: direct antiglobulin test
dATP: deoxy ATP
DCT: direct Coombs’ test
DDAVP: desamino D-arginyl vasopressin
DIC: disseminated intravascular coagulation
DIDMOAD: diabetes insipidus, diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy and
deafness
DKA: diabetic ketoacidosis
DTT: dilute thromboplastin time
DU: duodenal ulcer
DVT: deep vein thrombosis
EBV: Epstein-Barr virus
ECG: electrocardiograph
EDH: extradural haemorrhage
EDTA: ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid
EEG: electroencephalogram
ELISA: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
EMG : electromyogram
ERCP: endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
ESR: erythrocyte sedimentation rate
ESRD: end-stage renal disease
ET: essential thrombocythaemia
FAB: French–American–British
FACS: fluorescence-activated cell sorter
Fe: iron
FeSO4 ferrous sulphate
FIX: factor IX
fL: femtolitres
FMRI: functional MRI
FOB: faecal occult blood
FPG: fasting plasma glucose
FUO: fever of unknown origin (like PUO)
G : gram
GAD: glutamic acid decarboxylase
GT : -glutamyl transpeptidase
GBM: glomerular ****ment membrane
GIT: gastrointestinal tract
GPC: gastric parietal cell
G6PD: glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
GPI: general paralysis of the insane
GTN: glyceryl trinitrate
GU: gastric ulcer
GvHD: graft versus host disease
H: hour
HAV: hepatitis A virus
Hb: haemoglobin
HbA: haemoglobin A )
HbA1: haemoglobin A1
HbA2: haemoglobin A2 )
HbF: haemoglobin F (fetal Hb,
HBsAg: hepatitis B surface antigen
HBV: hepatitis B virus
Hcg: human chorionic gonadotrophin
Hct: haematocrit
HCV hepatitis: C virus
HDN: haemolytic disease of the newborn
HE: hereditary elliptocytosis
HELLP: haemolysis, elevated liver enzymes and low platelet
count
HIV: human immunodeficiency virus
HLA: human leucocyte antigen
HNA: heparin neutralising activity
HONK: hyperosmolar non-ketotic syndrome
HPA: human platelet antigen
HPFH: hereditary persistence of fetal haemoglobin
HPLC: high-performance liquid chromatography
HPOA : hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy
HPP: hereditary pyropoikilocytosis
HTLV: human T-lymphotropic virus
IAGT or IAT : indirect antiglobulin test
IBS: irritable bowel syndrome
ICA: islet cell antibodies
ICH: intracranial haemorrhage
IDA: iron deficiency anaemia
IDDM: insulin dependent (type 1) diabetes mellitus
IEF: isoelectric focusing
IFG: impaired fasting glucose
IGT : impaired glucose tolerance
IHD: ischaemic heart disease
Ig: immunoglobulin
IgA: immunoglobulin A
IgD : immunoglobulin D
IgE: immunoglobulin E
IgG: immunoglobulin G
IgM: immunoglobulin M
IIF: indirect immunofluorescence
IM: intramuscular
INR: international normalized ratio
ITP: idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
ITU: intensive therapy unit
IV: intravenous
IVU: intravenous urogram
JCA: juvenile chronic arthritis
JVP: jugular venous pressure
K+: potassium
KCCT: kaolin cephalin clotting time ( )
kDa: kiloDaltons
kg: kilogram
KUB: kidney, ureter, bladder (x-ray)
L: litre or left
LAP: leucocyte alkaline phosphatase (score)
LBBB: left bundle branch block
LCM: left costal margin
LDH: lactate dehydrogenase
LFTs: liver function tests
LIF: left iliac fossa
LUQ: left upper quadrant
LVF: left ventricular failure
LVH: left ventricular hypertrophy
MAG: myelin-associated glycoprotein
MAIPA: monoclonal anti**** immobilisation of platelet antigens
MAOI : monoamine oxidase inhibitor
MC&S: microscopy, culture & sensitivity
MCH: mean cell haemoglobin
MCHC: mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration
MCV: mean cell volume
MDS: myelodysplastic syndrome
MELAS: myelopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis and strokelike
episodes
MGUS : monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance
MHC: major histocompatibility complex
MI: myocardial infarction
Min: minutes
MoAb: monoclonal anti****
MODY: maturity onset diabetes of the young
MPD: myeloproliferative disease
MPV: mean platelet volume
MRI : magnetic resonance imaging
mRNA: messenger ribonucleic acid
MS : multiple sclerosis or mass spectroscopy
MSU: mid-stream urine
MTP: ****tarsophalangeal
Na+: sodium
NaCl: sodium chloride
NADP: nicotinamide adenine diphosphate
NADPH: nicotinamide adenine diphosphate (reduced)
NAP: neutrophil alkaline phosphatase
NH3: ammonia
NHL: non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma
NRBC: nucleated red blood cells
NSAIDs: non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
NSTEMI : non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction
OA : osteoarthritis
OCP: oral contraceptive pill
OGD: oesophagogastroduodenoscopy
OGTT: oral glucose tolerance test
PACWP; pulmonary artery capillary wedge pressure
PAD: peripheral arterial disease
PAN: polyarteritis nodosa
PaO2: partial pressure of O2 in arterial blood
PAS: periodic acid-Schiff
PB: peripheral blood
PBC : primary biliary cirrhosis
PC: protein C or provocation concentration
PCH: paroxysmal cold haemoglobinuria
PCI: percutaneous coronary intervention
PCL: plasma cell leukaemia
PCP: Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia
PCR: polymerase chain reaction
PCV: packed cell volume
PDA: patent ductus arteriosus
PE: pulmonary embolism
PEFR: peak expiratory flow rate
PET: positron emission tomography
Ph : Philadelphia chromosome
PIFT: platelet immunofluorescence test
PK: pyruvate kinase
PR: per rectum
PRL: prolactin
PRV: polycythaemia rubra vera
PS:: protein S or Parkinson’s syndrome
PSA: prostate-specific antigen
PT: prothrombin time
PV: plasma volume
RA: refractory anaemia or rheumatoid arthritis
RAS: renal angiotensin system or renal artery stenosis
RBBB: right bundle branch block
RBCs: red blood cells
RCC: red blood cell count
RDW: red cell distribution *****
Rh: Rhesus
RhF: rheumatoid factor
RIA: radioimmunoassay
RiCoF: ristocetin cofactor
RIF: right iliac fossa
RIPA: ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation
RNP: ribonucleoprotein
RPGN: rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis
RT-PCR: reverse tran******ase polymerase chain reaction
RUQ: right upper quadrant
s : seconds
SAECG: signal-averaged ECG
SAH: subarachnoid haemorrhage
SC: subcutaneous
SCA: sickle cell anaemia
SCD: sickle cell disease
SDH: subdural haemorrhage
SHBG: sex-hormone-binding globulin
SLE: systemic lupus erythematosus
SmIg: surface membrane immunoglobulin
SOB: short of breath
SOL: space-occupying lesion
SM: smooth muscle
SPECT: single photon emission computed tomography
SVC : superior vena cava
SVCO: superior vena caval obstruction
SXR: skull x-ray
T°: temperature
t1/2: half-life
T4: thyroxine
TA: temporal arteritis
TB: tuberculosis
TdT: terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase
TENS: transcutaneous nerve stimulation
TFT: thyroid function test
TIAs: transient ischaemic attacks
TIBC: total iron binding capacity
TN: trigeminal neuralgia
TNF: tumour necrosis factor
TOE: transoesophageal echocardiogram
TPA: tissue plasminogen activator
TPO: thyroid peroxidase
TRAB: thyrotropin receptor antibodies
TRALI: transfusion-associated lung injury
TRAP: tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase
TSH : thyroid-stimulating hormone
TT: thrombin time
TTE: transthoracic echocardiography
TTP: thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
TXA: tranexamic acid
u/U: units
UC: ulcerative colitis
U&E: urea and electrolytes
UKPDS: United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study
URTI: upper respiratory tract infection
UTI: urinary tract infection
USS: ultrasound scan
VIII:C factor VIII clotting activity
VIP: vasoactive intestinal peptide
Vit K: vitamin K
VSD: ventricular septal defect
VTE: venous thromboembolism
vWD: von Willebrand’s disease
vWF: von Willebrand factor
vWFAg: von Willebrand factor antigen
WBC: white blood count or white blood cells
WHO: World Health Organisation
WM: Waldenstr.m’s macroglobulinaemia
XDPs: cross-linked fibrin degradation products </I>
A&E: accident & emergency
Ab :anti****
ABGs : arterial blood gases
ACD: anaemia of chronic disease
ACE : angiotensin converting enzyme
ACh : acetylcholine
ACL :anticardiolipin anti****
ACR :acetylcholine receptor
ACS :acute coronary syndrome
ADA: American Diabetes Association
ADH: antidiuretic hormone
ADP : adenosine 5-diphosphate
AECG: ambulatory ECG
AF ::atrial fibrillation
Ag : antigen
AIDS : acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
AIHA :: autoimmune haemolytic anaemia
AKA : alcoholic ketoacidosis
ALL :: acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
ALP :: alkaline phosphatase
ALT:: alanine aminotransferase
AMI ::acute myocardial infarction
AML : acute myeloid leukaemia
ANA: antinuclear antibodies
ANAE :: alpha naphthyl acetate esterase
ANCA : antineutrophil cytoplasmic anti****
ANF : antinuclear factor
APCR : activated protein C resistance
APL : antiphospholipid anti****
APML : acute promyelocytic leukaemia
APS antiphospholipid syndrome
APTR : activated partial thromboplastin time ratio
APTT :: activated partial thromboplastin time
ARF : acute renal failure
AT (ATIII) :: antithrombin III
ATLL : adult T cell leukaemia/lymphoma
ATP : adenosine triphosphate
AXR: abdominal x-ray
BBB : blood–brain barrier
B-CLL: B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia
BJP: Bence-Jones protein
BM: bone marrow
BMJ: British Medical Journal
BMT: bone marrow transplant
BP: blood pressure
C1 INH : C1 esterase inhibitor
C3Nef : complement C3 nephritic factor
Ca :: carcinoma
Ca2+: calcium
CABG: coronary artery bypass graft
CAH: congenital adrenal hyperplasia
cALL: common acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
CBC: complete blood count)
CCF: congestive cardiac failure
CCK: cholecystokinin
cDNA: complementary DNA
CEA: carcinoembryonic antigen
CF: cystic fibrosis or complement fixation
CHD: coronary heart disease
CJD: Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease)
CK: creatine kinase
CL: – chloride
CLL: chronic lymphocytic (‘lymphatic’) leukaemia
CML: chronic myeloid leukaemia
CMML: chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia
CMV: cytomegalovirus
CNS: central nervous system
CO2: carbon dioxide
COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
CPAP: continuous positive airways pressure
CREST: calcinosis, Raynaud’s syndrome, (o)esophageal motility
dysfunction, sclerodactyly and telangiectasia
CRF: chronic renal failure
CRP: C-reactive protein
CSF: cerebrospinal fluid
CT: computed tomography
CVA: cerebrovascular accident (stroke)
CVD: cardiovascular disease
CXR: chest x-ray
DAT: direct antiglobulin test
dATP: deoxy ATP
DCT: direct Coombs’ test
DDAVP: desamino D-arginyl vasopressin
DIC: disseminated intravascular coagulation
DIDMOAD: diabetes insipidus, diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy and
deafness
DKA: diabetic ketoacidosis
DTT: dilute thromboplastin time
DU: duodenal ulcer
DVT: deep vein thrombosis
EBV: Epstein-Barr virus
ECG: electrocardiograph
EDH: extradural haemorrhage
EDTA: ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid
EEG: electroencephalogram
ELISA: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
EMG : electromyogram
ERCP: endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
ESR: erythrocyte sedimentation rate
ESRD: end-stage renal disease
ET: essential thrombocythaemia
FAB: French–American–British
FACS: fluorescence-activated cell sorter
Fe: iron
FeSO4 ferrous sulphate
FIX: factor IX
fL: femtolitres
FMRI: functional MRI
FOB: faecal occult blood
FPG: fasting plasma glucose
FUO: fever of unknown origin (like PUO)
G : gram
GAD: glutamic acid decarboxylase
GT : -glutamyl transpeptidase
GBM: glomerular ****ment membrane
GIT: gastrointestinal tract
GPC: gastric parietal cell
G6PD: glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
GPI: general paralysis of the insane
GTN: glyceryl trinitrate
GU: gastric ulcer
GvHD: graft versus host disease
H: hour
HAV: hepatitis A virus
Hb: haemoglobin
HbA: haemoglobin A )
HbA1: haemoglobin A1
HbA2: haemoglobin A2 )
HbF: haemoglobin F (fetal Hb,
HBsAg: hepatitis B surface antigen
HBV: hepatitis B virus
Hcg: human chorionic gonadotrophin
Hct: haematocrit
HCV hepatitis: C virus
HDN: haemolytic disease of the newborn
HE: hereditary elliptocytosis
HELLP: haemolysis, elevated liver enzymes and low platelet
count
HIV: human immunodeficiency virus
HLA: human leucocyte antigen
HNA: heparin neutralising activity
HONK: hyperosmolar non-ketotic syndrome
HPA: human platelet antigen
HPFH: hereditary persistence of fetal haemoglobin
HPLC: high-performance liquid chromatography
HPOA : hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy
HPP: hereditary pyropoikilocytosis
HTLV: human T-lymphotropic virus
IAGT or IAT : indirect antiglobulin test
IBS: irritable bowel syndrome
ICA: islet cell antibodies
ICH: intracranial haemorrhage
IDA: iron deficiency anaemia
IDDM: insulin dependent (type 1) diabetes mellitus
IEF: isoelectric focusing
IFG: impaired fasting glucose
IGT : impaired glucose tolerance
IHD: ischaemic heart disease
Ig: immunoglobulin
IgA: immunoglobulin A
IgD : immunoglobulin D
IgE: immunoglobulin E
IgG: immunoglobulin G
IgM: immunoglobulin M
IIF: indirect immunofluorescence
IM: intramuscular
INR: international normalized ratio
ITP: idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
ITU: intensive therapy unit
IV: intravenous
IVU: intravenous urogram
JCA: juvenile chronic arthritis
JVP: jugular venous pressure
K+: potassium
KCCT: kaolin cephalin clotting time ( )
kDa: kiloDaltons
kg: kilogram
KUB: kidney, ureter, bladder (x-ray)
L: litre or left
LAP: leucocyte alkaline phosphatase (score)
LBBB: left bundle branch block
LCM: left costal margin
LDH: lactate dehydrogenase
LFTs: liver function tests
LIF: left iliac fossa
LUQ: left upper quadrant
LVF: left ventricular failure
LVH: left ventricular hypertrophy
MAG: myelin-associated glycoprotein
MAIPA: monoclonal anti**** immobilisation of platelet antigens
MAOI : monoamine oxidase inhibitor
MC&S: microscopy, culture & sensitivity
MCH: mean cell haemoglobin
MCHC: mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration
MCV: mean cell volume
MDS: myelodysplastic syndrome
MELAS: myelopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis and strokelike
episodes
MGUS : monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance
MHC: major histocompatibility complex
MI: myocardial infarction
Min: minutes
MoAb: monoclonal anti****
MODY: maturity onset diabetes of the young
MPD: myeloproliferative disease
MPV: mean platelet volume
MRI : magnetic resonance imaging
mRNA: messenger ribonucleic acid
MS : multiple sclerosis or mass spectroscopy
MSU: mid-stream urine
MTP: ****tarsophalangeal
Na+: sodium
NaCl: sodium chloride
NADP: nicotinamide adenine diphosphate
NADPH: nicotinamide adenine diphosphate (reduced)
NAP: neutrophil alkaline phosphatase
NH3: ammonia
NHL: non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma
NRBC: nucleated red blood cells
NSAIDs: non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
NSTEMI : non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction
OA : osteoarthritis
OCP: oral contraceptive pill
OGD: oesophagogastroduodenoscopy
OGTT: oral glucose tolerance test
PACWP; pulmonary artery capillary wedge pressure
PAD: peripheral arterial disease
PAN: polyarteritis nodosa
PaO2: partial pressure of O2 in arterial blood
PAS: periodic acid-Schiff
PB: peripheral blood
PBC : primary biliary cirrhosis
PC: protein C or provocation concentration
PCH: paroxysmal cold haemoglobinuria
PCI: percutaneous coronary intervention
PCL: plasma cell leukaemia
PCP: Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia
PCR: polymerase chain reaction
PCV: packed cell volume
PDA: patent ductus arteriosus
PE: pulmonary embolism
PEFR: peak expiratory flow rate
PET: positron emission tomography
Ph : Philadelphia chromosome
PIFT: platelet immunofluorescence test
PK: pyruvate kinase
PR: per rectum
PRL: prolactin
PRV: polycythaemia rubra vera
PS:: protein S or Parkinson’s syndrome
PSA: prostate-specific antigen
PT: prothrombin time
PV: plasma volume
RA: refractory anaemia or rheumatoid arthritis
RAS: renal angiotensin system or renal artery stenosis
RBBB: right bundle branch block
RBCs: red blood cells
RCC: red blood cell count
RDW: red cell distribution *****
Rh: Rhesus
RhF: rheumatoid factor
RIA: radioimmunoassay
RiCoF: ristocetin cofactor
RIF: right iliac fossa
RIPA: ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation
RNP: ribonucleoprotein
RPGN: rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis
RT-PCR: reverse tran******ase polymerase chain reaction
RUQ: right upper quadrant
s : seconds
SAECG: signal-averaged ECG
SAH: subarachnoid haemorrhage
SC: subcutaneous
SCA: sickle cell anaemia
SCD: sickle cell disease
SDH: subdural haemorrhage
SHBG: sex-hormone-binding globulin
SLE: systemic lupus erythematosus
SmIg: surface membrane immunoglobulin
SOB: short of breath
SOL: space-occupying lesion
SM: smooth muscle
SPECT: single photon emission computed tomography
SVC : superior vena cava
SVCO: superior vena caval obstruction
SXR: skull x-ray
T°: temperature
t1/2: half-life
T4: thyroxine
TA: temporal arteritis
TB: tuberculosis
TdT: terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase
TENS: transcutaneous nerve stimulation
TFT: thyroid function test
TIAs: transient ischaemic attacks
TIBC: total iron binding capacity
TN: trigeminal neuralgia
TNF: tumour necrosis factor
TOE: transoesophageal echocardiogram
TPA: tissue plasminogen activator
TPO: thyroid peroxidase
TRAB: thyrotropin receptor antibodies
TRALI: transfusion-associated lung injury
TRAP: tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase
TSH : thyroid-stimulating hormone
TT: thrombin time
TTE: transthoracic echocardiography
TTP: thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
TXA: tranexamic acid
u/U: units
UC: ulcerative colitis
U&E: urea and electrolytes
UKPDS: United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study
URTI: upper respiratory tract infection
UTI: urinary tract infection
USS: ultrasound scan
VIII:C factor VIII clotting activity
VIP: vasoactive intestinal peptide
Vit K: vitamin K
VSD: ventricular septal defect
VTE: venous thromboembolism
vWD: von Willebrand’s disease
vWF: von Willebrand factor
vWFAg: von Willebrand factor antigen
WBC: white blood count or white blood cells
WHO: World Health Organisation
WM: Waldenstr.m’s macroglobulinaemia
XDPs: cross-linked fibrin degradation products </I>
